丝叶龙舌兰
龙舌兰属(学名:AgaveL.)是隶属于天门冬科的一属,约200种,多年生常绿开花植物。分布于美洲,喜温暖气候。茎短,叶多硬质,排列成莲座形,边缘锯齿状。开花时花序从生长点伸出,花后开花的莲座会枯萎死亡,但花序上及莲座底部的吸芽可作为母株生命的延续。外观类似阿福花科的芦荟,但两者的亲缘关系并不相近。
- 拉丁名
- Convallaria majalis Linn.
- 别名
- 君影草
- 门
- 被子植物门
- 纲
- 单子叶植物纲
- 亚纲
- 百合亚纲
- 目
- 百合目
- 科
- 天门冬科
- 种
- 重瓣铃兰
- 亚科
- 蔷薇亚科
- 族
- 铃兰族
- 属
- 龙舌兰属
- 类型
- 花卉类
与丝叶龙舌兰相似植物
简介
龙舌兰属植物有短茎;叶肉质而旋叠于茎基,边缘和尖端常有褐色利刺;十年或十余年才抽出高大的花茎(高达5米以上),顶生多数花朵,等到果子成熟后全株植物枯死;花被管短,裂片6,狭,相等;雄蕊6,花丝长突出,花药丁字着生;子房下位,有胚珠多颗;蒴果长椭圆形,3瓣裂;种子多数,薄而扁平,黑色。繁殖法有2:一用吸枝,一用花序上的珠芽。据记载,一花序上可产生珠芽1500—3000个。本属在Engler系统中置于石蒜科。
形态特征
多年生植物。无茎或有极短的茎。叶呈莲座式排列,大而肥厚,肉质或稍带木质,边缘常有刺或偶而无刺,顶端常有硬尖刺。花茎粗壮高大,具分枝;花通常排列成大型稠密的顶生穗状花序或圆锥花序,有些种类每年或隔年开花一次,另一些种类只开花结果一次,开花后便死亡;花被管短,花被裂片6,狭而相似;雄蕊6,着生于花被管喉部或管内;花丝细长,常伸出于花被外,花药丁字形着生;子房下位,3室,每室有胚珠多数,花柱线形,柱头3裂。蒴果长椭圆形,室背3瓣开裂;种子多数,薄而扁平,黑色。细胞染色体基数x=30。
分布
分布于西半球干旱和半干旱的热带地区,尤以墨西哥的种类最多。广东、福建和云南有逸生。
属内物种
龙舌兰属约有200个物种。
AgaveacicularisTrel.
AgaveacklinicolaTrel.
Agave×ajoensisW.C.odgs.
AgaveaktitesGentry
AgavealbescensTrel.
AgavealbomarginataGentry
AgavealbopilosaI.Cabral,Villarreal&A.E.Estrada
AgavealoidesJacobi
AgaveamericanaL.
AgaveangustiarumTrel.
AgaveangustissimaEngelm.
AgaveanomalaTrel.
AgaveantillarumDescourt.
AgaveapplanataLem.exJacobi
AgavearcedianoensisCházaro,O.M.Valencia&A.Vázquez
Agave×arizonicaGentry&J..Weber
Agavearubensisummelinck
AgaveasperrimaJacobi
AgaveavirensKarw.exSalm-Dyck
AgaveattenuataSalm-Dyck
AgaveaureaBrandegee
AgaveavellanidensTrel.
AgavebahamanaTrel.
AgavebanlanPerr.
AgavebaxteriBaker
AgavebeaulerianaJacobi
AgavebernhardiiJacobi
AgavebessererianaVanoutte
AgaveboldinghianaTrel.
AgavebovicornutaGentry
AgavebraceanaTrel.
AgavebracteosaS.WatsonexEngelm.
AgavebrevipetalaTrel.
AgavebrevispinaTrel.
AgavebrittonianaTrel.
AgavecacozelaTrel.
AgavecajalbanensisA.álvarez
AgavecalderoniiTrel.
AgavecalodontaA.Berger
Agavecantala(aw.)Roxb.exSalm-Dyck
AgavecantalaRoxb.
AgavecapensisGentry
AgavecaribaeicolaTrel.
Agave×cavanillesiiD.Guillot&P.VanderMeer
AgavecerulataTrel.
AgavechazaroiA.Vázquez&O.M.Valencia
AgavechiapensisJacobi
AgavechrysanthaPeebles
AgavechrysoglossaI.M.Johnst.
AgavecocuiTrel.
AgavecollinaGreenm.
AgavecolorataGentry
AgaveconcinnaLem.
AgavecongestaGentry
AgavecookeiWoodrow
AgavecucullataLem.exJacobi
AgavecundinamarcensisA.Berger
AgavecupreataTrel.&A.Berger
AgavedasylirioidesJacobi&Bouch.
AgavedatylioF.A.C.Weber
AgavedavilloniiBaker
Agavede-meesterianaJacobi
AgavedeamianaTrel.
AgavedecaisneanaJacobi
AgavedecipiensBaker
AgavedelamateriW.C.odgs.&Slauson
AgavedesertiEngelm.
AgavedesmettianaJacobi
AgavediacanthaRoyle
AgavedifformisA.Berger
AgavedurangensisGentry
AgavedussianaTrel.
AgaveeggersianaTrel.
AgaveehrenbergiiJacobi
AgaveelizaeA.Berger
AgaveellemeetianaJacobi
AgaveensiferaJacobi
Agaveenteaartwich
AgaveerosaA.Berger
AgaveerubescensEllemeet
AgaveevadensTrel.
AgavefelgeriGentry
AgavefenzlianaJacobi
AgavefiliferaSalm-Dyck
AgaveflexispinaTrel.
AgavefortifloraGentry
AgavefourcroydesLem.
AgavefragrantissimaJacq.
AgavefranzosiniBaker
AgavefridericiiA.Berger
AgavefunkianaK.Koch&C.D.Bouché
AgavegaleottiiBaker
Agavegarciae-mendozaeGalván&L.ern.
Agavegeminiflora(Tagl.)KerGawl.
AgavegentryiB.Ullrich
AgaveghiesbreghtiiLem.exJacobi
AgavegigantensisGentry
AgavegilbertiiA.Berger
AgaveglabraKarw.
AgaveglaucescensOtto
Agave×glomeruliflora(Engelm.)A.Berger
AgavegoeppertianaJacobi
AgavegonzaloiD.Guillot&P.VanderMeer
AgavegracilipesTrel.
Agavegrandibracteata.Ross
AgavegranulosaScheidw.
AgavegriseaTrel.
AgaveguadalajaranaTrel.
Agaveguedeneyriioullet
Agave×guemensisD.Guillot&P.VanderMeer
AgaveguiengolaGentry
AgavegutierrezianaTrel.
AgavegypsophilaGentry
AgaveharrisiiTrel.
AgavehavardianaTrel.
AgavehenriquesiiBaker
AgavehiemifloraGentry
AgavehookeriJacobi
AgavehorizontalisJacobi
AgavehorridaLem.exJacobi
AgavehumboldtianaJacobi
AgavehurteriTrel.
AgaveimpressaGentry
AgaveinaequidensK.Koch
AgaveinaguensisTrel.
AgaveindagatorumTrel.
AgaveintermixtaTrel.
AgaveisthmensisA.García-Mend.&F.Palma
AgavejaiboliGentry
AgavejarucoensisA.álvarez
AgavekarattoMill.
AgavekarwinskiiZucc.
AgavekellermanianaTrel.
AgavekerchoveiLem.
AgavekewensisJacobi
AgavelagunaeTrel.
AgavelaticinctaVerschaff.
AgavelechuguillaTorr.
AgavelemaireiVerschaff.
AgavelempanaTrel.
AgavelindleyiJacobi
AgavelittaeaoidesPamp.
AgavelongipesTrel.
AgavelongisepalaTod.
AgavemacroacanthaZucc.
AgavemapisagaTrel.
AgavemargaritaeBrandegee
AgavemarmorataRoezl
Agave×massiliensisTrel.
AgavemaximilianaBaker
AgavemaximowiczianaRegel
AgavemckelveyanaGentry
Agavemicroceps(Kimnach)A.Vázquez&Cházaro
AgavemillspaughiiTrel.
AgaveminarumTrel.
AgaveminorProctor
AgavemissionumTrel.
AgavemitisMart.
AgavemonostachyaSessé&Moc.
AgavemontanaVillarreal
Agavemontium-sancticaroliGarcía-Mend.
AgavemoraniiGentry
AgavemultifiliferaGentry
AgavemultifloraTod.
AgavemurpheyiGibson
AgavenashiiTrel.
AgavenayaritensisGentry
AgaveneglectaSmall
AgavenickelsiiRol.-Goss.
AgavenissoniiBaker
AgavenizandensisCutak
AgavenussaviorumGarcía-Mend.
AgaveobscuraSchiedeexSchltdl.
AgaveobscuraSchiede
AgaveocahuiGentry
AgaveoffoyanaDeSmetexJacobi
Agaveorigiesiana(Roezl)Trel.
AgaveornithobromaGentry
AgaveoroensisGentry
Agaveortgiesiana(Baker)Trel.
AgaveovatifoliaG.D.Starr&Villarreal
AgavepachycentraTrel.
AgavepallidaSartoriusexJacobi
AgavepalmeriEngelm.
AgavepampaninianaA.Berger
AgavepapyrocarpaTrel.
AgaveparrasanaA.Berger
AgaveparryiEngelm.
AgaveparvidentataTrel.
AgaveparvifloraTorr.小花龙舌兰
AgavepauperaA.Berger
AgavepavolinianaPamp.
AgavepeacockiiCroucher
AgavepelonaGentry
AgavependulaSchnittsp.
AgavepetiolataTrel.
AgavepephilaA.García-Mend.&E.Martínez
AgavephillipsianaW.C.odgs.
AgavepintillaS.González,M.González&L.Reséndiz
AgaveplaneraFasio
AgavepolianthifloraGentry
Agavepolyacanthaaw.
AgavepotatorumZucc.
AgavepotrerianaTrel.
AgavepromontoriiTrel.
AgaveprostrataMart.exDragendorff
AgavepulcherrimaOtto
AgavepulverulentaVerschaff.
Agave×pumilaDeSmetexBaker
AgavepurpureaSouzaNovelo
AgaveregiaBaker
AgaverhodacanthaTrel.
Agave×romaniBaker
Agave×rossellonensisD.Guillot&P.VanderMeer
AgaverovellianaTod.
AgaverudisLem.exJacobi
Agaverutteniaeummelinck
AgaverzedowskianaP.Carrillo,Vega&R.Delgad.
AgavesalmianaOttoexSalm-Dyck
AgavescaposaGentry
AgaveschidigeraLem.
AgaveschmithianaJacobi
AgaveschneiderianaA.Berger
AgaveschottiiEngelm.
AgavesebastianaGreene
AgaveseemannianaJacobi
AgaveshaferiTrel.
AgaveshawiiEngelm.
AgaveshreveiGentry
AgavesimoniiAndr.
AgavesisalanaPerrine
AgavesisalanaPerrineexEngelm.
AgavesmithianaJacobi
Agavesoboliferaoutt.
AgavesobriaBrandegee
AgavesordidaA.Berger
AgavespicataCav.
AgavestriataZucc.
AgavestrictaSalm-Dyck
AgavestringensTrel.
AgavesubinermisM.Roem.
AgavesubsimplexTrel.
Agave×tayloreaauct.
AgavetectaTrel.
AgavetenuifoliaZamudio&E.Sánchez
AgaveteoxamulinaKarw.exM.Roem.
AgavetequilanaF.A.C.Weber
AgavethomasiaeTrel.
AgavethomsonianaJacobi
AgavetitanotaGentry
AgavetoumeyanaTrel.
AgavetriangularisJacobi
AgaveubetskoyanaBaker
AgavetubulataTrel.
AgaveturneriR..Webb&Salazar-Ceseña
AgaveunderwoodiiTrel.
Agaveunivittataaw.
AgaveutahensisEngelm.
AgavevalencianaCházaro&A.Vázquez
AgavevandervinneniiLem.
AgavevanderwinneniJacobi
AgavevazquezgarciaeCházaro&J.A.Lomelí
Agavevera-cruzMill.
AgavevicinaTrel.
Agavevictoriae-reginaeT.Moore
Agave×villareAndré
AgavevilmorinianaA.Berger
AgaveviridissimaBaker
AgaveviviparaL.
AgavevizcainoensisGentry
AgavewallisiiJacobi
AgavewarellianaBaker
AgavewashingtonensisBaker&Rose
AgavewatsoniiJ.R.Drumm.&C..Wright
AgaveweberiJ.F.CelsexJ.Poiss.
AgavewendtiiCházaro
AgavewerckleiF.A.C.WeberexWercklé
AgavewiesenbergensisWittm.
AgavewildingiiTod.
Agave×winterianaA.Berger
AgavewocomahiGentry
AgavewoodrowiiW.Watson
AgavexylonacanthaSalm-Dyck
AgaveyuccifoliaDC.exRedouté
AgavezebraGentry
用途
本属植物经济价值较大,有些种类的纤维通称龙舌兰麻类,是世界著名的纤维植物之一;有些种类还含有甾体皂苷元,是生产甾体激素药物的重要原料;另一些种类栽培供观赏。叶内的纤维为硬质纤维之一,强韧耐腐,可编绳索和大缆,适为航海用。在我国引入的三种中,剑麻的品质最良,拉力大,次为龙舌兰。
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蓝铃花
形态特征蓝铃花是多年生球茎植物。叶基生,狭披针形,深绿色,宽7-16毫米,长45厘米。肉质花茎长10-30厘米,尖端下垂。总状花序顶生,向一端下垂,着生小花5-12朵(偶有3-32朵);花钟状,长14-20毫米,苞片2片;花被6片并尖端弯曲,紫罗兰蓝色或白色,罕见粉色,初直立
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天门冬
形态特征攀援植物。根在中部或近末端成纺锤状膨大,膨大部分长3-5厘米,粗1-2厘米。茎平滑,常弯曲或扭曲,长可达1-2米,分枝具棱或狭翅。叶状枝通常每3枚成簇,扁平或由于中脉龙骨状而略呈锐三棱形,稍镰刀状,长0.5-8厘米,宽约1-2毫米;茎上的鳞片状叶基部延伸
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虎尾兰
形态特征虎尾兰有横走根状茎。叶基生,常1-2枚,也有3-6枚成簇的,直立,硬革质,扁平,长条状披针形,长30-70(-120)厘米,宽3-5(-8)厘米,有浅绿色和深绿色相间的横带斑纹,边缘绿色,向下部渐狭成长短不等的、有槽的柄。花葶高30-80厘米,基部有淡褐
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文竹
形态特征文竹成株高度可达3-6米。文竹根部稍肉质,茎柔软丛生,细长。茎的分枝极多,近平滑。叶状枝通常每10-13枚成簇,刚毛状,略具三棱,长4-5毫米;鳞片状叶基部稍具刺状距或距不明显。花通常每1-3(-4)朵腋生,白色,有短梗;花被片长约7毫米。花期9-10月。浆果直径约6
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折枝天门冬
形态特征直立草本,高30-80厘米。根较粗,直径4-5毫米。茎和分枝平滑,稍迥折状,有时分枝有不明显的条纹。叶状枝每1-5枚成簇,通常平展或下倾,和分枝交成直角或钝角,较少兼有斜立的,近扁的圆柱形,略有几条钝稜或稜不明显,伸直或稍弧曲,通常长1-2.5厘米,粗1-1.5毫米;
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金边吊兰
形态特征金边吊兰叶片呈宽线形,嫩绿色,着生于短茎上,具有肥大的圆柱状肉质根。总状花序长30-60厘米,弯曲下垂,小花白色;顾名思义,金边吊兰的边是金黄色的,非常好看;它常在花茎上生出数丛由株芽形成的带根的小植株,十分有趣。它生长快,栽培容易,在较明亮的房间内可常年栽培欣赏。
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蓬莱松
形态特征蓬莱松为多年生常绿草本植物。植株直立,高30~60cm,具小块根,多分枝,茎丛生。叶鳞片状或刺状,新叶鲜绿色。花淡红色,花期7~8月。株高1.5m左右,茎直立或稍铺散,木质化呈灌木状。具白色肥大肉质根。小枝纤细,叶呈短松针状,簇生成团,极似五针松叶.新叶翠绿色,老叶深
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富贵竹
形态特征富贵竹为多年生常绿小乔木观叶植物。株高可达2米,植株细长,直立上部有分枝。根状茎横走,结节状;茎干粗壮、直立,株态玲珑。叶长披针形,似竹子;叶互生或近对生,纸质,叶长披针形,有明显3-7条主脉,具短柄,叶片浓绿色。叶长13-23厘米,宽1.8-3.2厘米
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吊兰
形态特征根壮茎短,根稍肥厚。叶剑形,长10-30厘米,宽1-2厘米,向两端稍变狭。吊兰为宿根草本,叶基生,条形至条状披针形,狭长,柔韧似兰,吊兰的最大特点在于成熟的植株会不时走出走茎,走茎长30-60厘米,先端均会长出小植株花葶比叶长,有时长可达50厘米,常变为
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铃兰
形态特征铃兰是多年生草本植物,植株全部无毛,高18-30厘米,常成片生长。叶椭圆形或卵状披针形,长7-20厘米,宽3-8.5厘米,先端近急尖,基部楔形;叶柄长8-20厘米。花葶高15-30厘米,稍外弯;苞片披针形,短于花梗;花梗长6-15毫米,近顶端有关节,果熟